Leg pain and sciatica are often caused by underlying issues with the spine, muscles, nerves, or joints. The most common causes include:

• Herniated or Bulging Disc

  A herniated disc in the lower back can put pressure on the sciatic nerve, leading to sciatica. This pressure causes sharp, shooting pain that radiates down the leg, often accompanied by numbness or tingling.

• Spinal Stenosis

  This condition involves narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the nerves, including the sciatic nerve, resulting in leg pain, cramping, and weakness, especially when standing or walking.

• Piriformis Syndrome

  The piriformis muscle, located in the buttocks, can irritate the sciatic nerve when it becomes tight or spasms. This can cause pain that mimics sciatica, with discomfort radiating down the leg.

• Degenerative Disc Disease

  As the discs between the vertebrae wear down over time, they may lose their cushioning
  ability, leading to nerve compression and causing pain that can radiate into the legs.

• Spinal Injuries or Trauma

  Injuries such as fractures or strains to the spine or pelvis can put pressure on the nerves, leading to leg pain and sciatica.

• Muscle Strain or Tension

  Overuse or sudden movements can strain the muscles in the lower back, hips, or legs, causing localized pain that can also affect the sciatic nerve and lead to radiating leg pain.

• Spondylolisthesis

  This condition occurs when one vertebra slips out of place, putting pressure on the sciatic nerve and causing pain that can travel down the leg.

• Sciatic Nerve Compression from Tumors or Infections

  In rare cases, tumors or infections affecting the spine can press on the sciatic nerve, leading to leg pain or sciatica.

• Lifestyle Factors

  Poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and improper lifting techniques can contribute to back problems, including sciatica, which can lead to chronic leg pain.

  Addressing the root cause, through physical therapy, medication, or, in some cases, surgery, is essential for effective treatment of both leg pain and sciatica.