lubfoot (also known as talipes equinovarus) is a congenital condition where the foot is twisted out of its normal position. Management aims to correct the deformity to enable normal foot function. Here's a summary of the key management approaches:

• Non-Surgical Management

  1. Ponseti Method (Preferred Treatment)

     Stretching and Casting: Gentle manipulation of the foot, followed by the application of a cast to hold it in a corrected position. This process is repeated weekly for 4–8 weeks.

     Tenotomy: If necessary, a minor surgical procedure to release the Achilles tendon.

     Bracing: After correction, a foot-abduction brace is worn to maintain alignment and prevent relapse (e.g., Dennis-Browne bar).

  2. French Method (Physical Therapy-Based)

     -Daily stretching, mobilization, and taping by trained physical therapists.

     -Continued therapy until the foot shape normalizes, typically requiring long-term parental involvement.

• Surgical Management

  -Indicated for severe cases or if non-surgical methods fail.

  -Soft Tissue Release Surgery: Releases tight tendons and ligaments to align the foot.

  -Bony Procedures: In older children with relapsed or untreated clubfoot.

  -Post-surgery, casting and bracing are essential to maintain correction.

• Maintenance and Follow-Up

  -Monitoring for Relapse: Regular follow-up visits until skeletal maturity.

  -Rehabilitation: Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve foot functionality.

  -Orthotics: Special shoes or inserts if necessary.

• Early Diagnosis and Intervention

  -Early treatment, ideally within the first week of life, has the best outcomes.

  -Ultrasound or physical exams during prenatal care can sometimes identify clubfoot.